The article analyzes escalating tensions between Israel and Iran-backed groups, exploring U.S. policy, regional pressures, and ways to curb conflict. Iran and its allies, including Hezbollah, Hamas, and other groups, continue aggressive actions, fueling Israel's insistence on defending itself against these entities. Professor Sanam Vakil says that the only way to disrupt these non-state actors is “to create better accountability [within] governing systems in Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq.